The Economic Vs. Environmental Growth Debate - 1408 Words

The economic vs. environmental growth debate has been a topic discussed in America for quite some time. The perfect example of this is the decision is whether America should to drill onshore for oil rather than importing their oil. Many believe that there is a relationship between the two. As the economy grows, the environment takes a knock. Some argue the need to stop economic growth and focus more on the harm that is being inflicted on the environment. As we drill onshore for oil, we are able to create more jobs for our country but at the same time it affects our environment in a negative manner. As the largest consumer of oil, continuing to import can become costly and we may become too dependent on other countries (Telegram, 2014). The question remains, can our nation improve without economic growth? Can we continue to grow our nation with continued dependency on other countries? Do the benefits of drilling onshore for oil outweigh the negative environmental affects? There have been many arguments showing the pros and cons of the tactics it takes to obtain economic growth. There are many pros when it comes to economic growth. Economic growth has the capability to improve the standard of living. Economic growth is caused by an increase of goods and services being produced and sold. Another benefit of economic growth is a decrease in the employment rate. As companies invest more, it will lead to more jobs being available which will dramatically help the unemploymentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article For The Life Worth Having 1550 Words   |  7 Pagesconference titled â€Å"For the life worth having†, held last November in Whanganui highlighted the link between economic and environmental health in the small regions and centres of New Zealand. 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The earliest evidence can be traced back to the time of John Locke, who believes that our minds are blank slates and only experience can write override it. Despite the main focus of the issue being how environment transact to influence development, psychologists today continue to argue on the issue of nature vs nurture. Intelligence is moreRead MoreCarl Rogers Vs. F. Skinner : Which Perspective Is The Most Important?1419 Words   |  6 Pages Carl Rogers vs B. F. Skinner – Which Perspective is the Most Important? A long-debated argument in the field of Psychology has been which theory or explanation of human behavior is the most important and the most viable. Is B. F. Skinner’s theory that behavior is the result of man’s response to external stimuli or is Carl Rogers’ theory that man’s behavior is the result of his determination to achieve self-actualization the best explanation? After much research and thought, I will argue in favorRead MoreTo What Extent Does Genetic Inheritance Influence Behavior?974 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To what extent does genetic inheritance influence behavior?† A debate of nature vs. nurture, as in whether it is our inherited genes or environmental factors that affect our behavior, has been going on for years. There are no true experiments on genetic inheritance influencing behavior due to ethical reasons. Only quasi-experiments and theories of pre-existing data are available that are on genetics or environmental factors affecting behavior. With the few studies existing one can still argueRead MoreShould Electronic Waste Be An Unethical Political Decision?3555 Words   |  15 Pageswhich highlights the conflicts and tensions between jobs and the environment. There are debates surrounding governance decisions and global economic linkages which approach the disposal of e-waste from two different stand points. One view is that the first world is making an unethical political decision to send its e-waste problem to pollution havens i.e. third-world countries with less stringent environmental standards. Electronic goods consist of highly toxic substances such as lead, chromium, mercuryRead MoreA Review of ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage2235 Words   |  9 Pagesand C.K. Prahalad This review will focus on the article ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage’ by Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad (1993). This review will identify the arguments made in the article and then place it within the context of one of the key debates in strategy academia. The review will then investigate the underlying assumptions made and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the article. The main argument of the article is that companies focus too much on evaluating their environment and

Allergies Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism Free Essays

Adrian V. Perse Human Biology Dr. Lawrence C. We will write a custom essay sample on Allergies: Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cwik * 19 November 2012 Allergies * We live in a world were technology is growing every day. We have new medical technology and are able to save more lives. With benefits come risks we have all this technology and we cant seem to stop genetically engineered foods from causing allergies. Ever wonder why people have allergic reactions to specific things? A lot of people don’t think about the foods they consume could cause them to have an allergic reaction. In this essay I will be talking about how genetically engineered foods can cause allergies or other adverse health effects. * Allergies are very common in the United States. Allergies affect over fifty million Americans and is the fifth leading disease in America. Different people also have different kinds of allergic reactions they could be more severe while some are mild. There are also different reaction times to allergies some take longer to develop while some only take a few seconds. If you have an allergic reaction that means you have something inside your body that could be harmful to you, this cause your immune system to have an over reaction to that hurtful/harmless substances. When this happens your body produces white blood cells to produce antibodies to eliminate the source of that threat. But what dose that have to do with GMOs? GMOs enter our body system directly through the foods that we eat. GMOs have a bigger effect on children then they do on adults because they are younger and their immune system isn’t as strong/resistant as an adults so they are more venerable. So what are GMOs you ask? GMOs stands for Genetically Modified Organism, which means a single celled organism that have been modified and put into foods to prevent pesticides. These are some of the GMOs that resulted from agricultural. One kind of GMO that has been approved out there is called Herbicide Tolerance, which is found in soybeans it builds tolerance to glyphosate allowing crops that would normally have been destroyed to live. GMOs have a big impact not just on us but the environment to. Over eighty percent of GMOs grown are used to herbicide tolerance. GMOs pigs also affect animals; cows and chickens are some of the main few. GMOs remain in our system long after we stop eating GMOs. GM crops also produce toxins through milk or animals that were feed GMOs. Kids are also at risk by drinking a lot of milk. GMO’s can affects kids even before birth. Yea GMOs even affect pregnant mothers it harms the fetal development and future genes passed on. That’s a brief description of what GMOs are and what they do. * Now lets talk about plant breeding and how it affects us. Let me tell you what plant breeding is first. Scientists have a method to removing and adding new DNA to organisms. They remove a part of DNA from an organisms then they find the specific gene they want and remove that from the DNA. After that they bind they bind the DNA and inserter it into a new organism. Scientists have been altering the genetics of plants trying to increase their value, they genetic alter crops by using unnatural breeding and use ultraviolet or gamma rays on these crops that we later consume. Genetically cross breeding decreases nutrition value then it normally would have been. Another disadvantages to plant breeding is antibiotic resistance. Plants are being inserted with antibiotics genes. When the plants receive the antibiotic and survives the antibiotic still remains inside the plant. When animals or humans consume this we could become immune to that antibiotic that we could of used later on being immune to a lot of antibiotic could prove harmful later in our generation. Increased toxicity is another disadvantage of plant breeding. Normally plants produce toxins but they are so mild that they do not have an affect on our health. By cross breeding plants this increases the toxicity level of plants and could prove to be harmful to our health that normally would have had been; before cross breeding. Those are some of the different affects of plant breeding. * After all you heard about your probably wondering why we still use GMOs. One thing scientists have been testing is to manipulate tree genes into absorbing CO2 to help reduce global warming. GMOs are needed to feed the growing population of the earth. We need more food cause were growing so fast we need to keep how much we produce higher then how much we consume. But who really needs the GMOs? Animals consume more GMOs then human do. More corn, soybeans, and other crops are feed to animals then humans. GMs are resistant to bacterial and viruses. GMs grow much faster then normal crops. GMs are resistant to harsh weather conditions such as colds making them able to grow in different environments. They can also add vitamins to the modified food, which could prove a good thing for third world countries that suffer from malnutrition. Another benefit to GMOs is that they last longer. They have a longer life expanse then they would of normally had. Now that you heard some of the advantages of GMOs let me tell you some of the disadvantages. Allergies are a big impact. In the past few years allergies has increased. This is cause by GMOs and cross breeding plants. Cross breeding plants mixes up the different genes in organisms combining different proteins that should have not been combined with that organism normally. These new proteins are produced fr om genetic engineering and our immune system hasn’t experienced this from of protein. This alerts the immune system to have an allergic reaction, which causes inflammation. This of course has a much more severe impact on children then it dose on adults and also has some long-term effects if you consume a lot of GMOs. GMOs don’t just affect humans they also hurt the environment. This could even affect babies before they are even born. We all know pregnant moms shouldn’t be eating specific kinds of foods. If a protein from something she’s allergic to be mixed with another species and she consumes it could be harmful to herself but the baby as well. Changing different spices of plant could hurt the natural cycle of life. If they don’t think GMOs are such a bad thing why don’t they label it? The FDA refuses to put labels on food stating weather they have been genetically mortified or not. Americans have the right to know weather they are consuming genetically mortified food or not. People shouldn’t be eating foods that could prove harmful to them their children. Other countries around the world have labels on their food stating if they are GM or not. When they are cross-breading plants/fruit they could be transferring different viruses from one organism to another with out even realizing it. GMOs also decrease the genetic diversity. Another big problem with GMOs are toxic fiction of neighboring crops. Nature is a very complex being and everything is linked together so altering the balance messes up nature’s cycle of life. There are a lot of advantages to using GMOs I’m not saying there aren’t. But that doesn’t change the fact that allergic reactions have increased substantially since the use of GMOs. A lot of countries already realized this and labeled their foods stating wither or not they contain GMOs. I think the United States should start labeling their foods. This isn’t going to stop the use of GMOs but it will reduce the allergic reaction rate in America. It’s a little scary to know that over seventy percent of the world’s population has been genetically modified. And how we don’t know what we’re consuming that we just consume. We don’t think about our health till the day we actually get sick and by then it’s to late. Around eighty six percent of the words GMOs are grown right here in the U. S. those are some of the ways I think genetically engineered foods can cause allergies or other adverse health effects. * How to cite Allergies: Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism, Papers

Involving the Service User in Shaping Services Continues free essay sample

Involving the Service User in Shaping Services Continues to Be an Important Activity Within Government Policy. Drawing from the KICK Materials Critically Discuss the Issues, Challenges and Benefits in Involving the By Marseilles In the current economic climate, managers are expected to provide a quality service at the same time as making financial savings. Critically evaluate the role of the manager in the light of the current economic climate. Introduction This assignment has its starting point on defining quality in health and social care ND how it can be delivered in a care setting. Subsequently, the role that the manager has in promoting, supporting and delivering the provision of good quality service to service users will be discussed. Moreover, as this process is not exempt from obstacles, especially in the current economic climate; it is therefore important to explore the elements that managers need to consider when assuring quality and saving costs. Finally, it will also be discussed how the service provided is evaluated so managers can ensure that a good service is provided to service users. What is quality? Every person has given or received care through life. However, whether the experience has been satisfactory or unsatisfactory depends on the quality of the service delivered and the quality of life experienced. Under those circumstances, it is possible to determine that quality in health and social services has an enormous importance as it is related to peoples lives. (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). Different authors have described the concept of quality from different points of views. According to Patterson (1997) and Donated (1980), even though quality mains as an important part of the health and social care agenda, it is still an elusive concept and a mystery to be unraveled. Colluded and Mullioned (2001) sustain that quality in practice refers to the provision of services that are fit for their purpose, but doing so at a reasonable cost and ensuring that people who use the services make choices based on information (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). In A quality Strategy for Social Care of the Department of Health (Bibb) the concept to quality is described as a process to changing and modernizing services in order to make them accessible and consistent. These services are delivered by competent workforce to meet the needs of those who use them (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). It could be argue that to define quality as a concept that can be applied universally is a challenging task. Therefore, it is best to define what it meaner in practice, in other words, in terms of peoples experience. People can recognize what good quality is when they experience it at first hand. Martin and Henderson (2001) acknowledge that based on this assumption, quality derives from knowing who the service users are, understanding their needs and what their expectations are as well as responding to their requirements in an effective way (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 160). Therefore, a high- quality service needs to be responsive, enabling, and inclusive (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 161) What role the manager has in achieving quality? Managers in health and social care play a key role as they are greatly involved in having to think, do, and measure quality along with facing a number of quality initiatives that might seem confusing. Providing quality is supposed to be everyones accessibility, albeit it is the responsibility of the manager to deliver it (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 1 59). The managers role in social care is continuously changing and having to adhere to an excess of policies and procedures and not getting real recognition of the day-to-day challenges and dilemmas encountered (Henderson and Sudden, 2003, up. 7-88). To sum up, managers are responsible for ensuring client, worker, departmental and governmental needs (Henderson and sudden, 2003, p. 93). About Quality Before the sasss, quality was approached from an introspective point of view. The profession was defined in terms of skills, knowledge and competence needed to do the Job. Moreover, it focused on inputs of the professionals. Howeve r, this approach fell short of taking into account the service users experience and the productivity of the service delivered (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 63). Consequently, due to government and service users that challenge the professional view of quality, procedures that are more objective originated. Besides, the need to improve services developed the concept to quality control to assure high standards to care (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 165). Quality Control and Quality Assurance methods were introduced in order to assure high standards of care. Quality control has to do with monitoring services, it is top- down and reactive and it only identifies where practice has not met standards. On the other hand, Quality Assurance is proactive, bottom- up, promotes quality instead of imposing it, and involves more staff when it comes to deliver quality care. It is a systematic approach to service delivery that consists of documenting processes, ensuring and supporting staff along with reviewing practice. It also implies a change in the culture of the services, in terms of preventing errors, so that the idea of quality becomes embedded (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 166-168). Is it possible to ensure good quality service while keeping the costs down? Managers face continuous challenges to ensure quality service. However, given the current economic climate, the major challenge facing all health services today is keeping costs down and improving services at the same time. Value for money is part of quality. However, sometimes getting value for money meaner accepting deductions in quality as part of getting a lower price in a tendering exercise (Standard, 2012). On the contrary, it could be argued that limited budgets do not inevitably lead to cuts that will result in poorer quality services. It is possible to mitigate the impact of the cuts by implementing innovative and everyday approaches. In a residential setting, for instance, a practice-led manager can monitor quality within services. Firstly, internal audits on a regular basis are needed to ensure that what should be done is done and implement a plan of action otherwise. In the course CD -Room (KICK, Managing Care at Walbridge CD-ROOM, scenario 4) Julie at Walbridge considers that the quickest and simplest way to reduce unit costs is to employ more agency staff and lose the overheads which permanent staff cost (e. . Sick pay, holiday pay, overtime hours). However, Julie emphasized that it is essential to be careful not to create unnecessary Job losses and implement the use of agency staff gradually to retain the most committed and reliable staff. Furthermore, as the provision of quality care, it is correlated to the staff knowledge and skills to meet the residents needs; in souse training to reduce costs could be a useful way to minimize expenses. Besides, the same outcome can be achieved by booking staff on free training courses offered by City Councils and NASH trusts. Moreover, another way to facilitate saving for the institution is by implementing a person-centered care that is responsive to individual needs and preferences. Thus, reducing costs by targeting resources that are not needed. Additionally, managers who deal with services that help people who need care but live in the community can also deliver quality care by introducing innovative ways. For instance, moving people on trot residential care to supported living options translates into reducing costs as it decreases over-support. Equally important, it does not only entail progression but it also entails focusing on what people can do for themselves. Moreover, giving people budgetary control can and does lead to more efficient use of resources as they know best what their needs are (Coping with the cuts, 2011) What other elements of quality do managers need to consider? The quality of services can be seen from two subjective perspectives. Firstly, from the sews of those who provide the service and secondly, from the views of people who receive them. Therefore, managers need to consider a number of factors that determine the quality of life, quality of the environment, and quality of the experience of using the service (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 161). Quality of life of the service user meaner how good that is . Quality of the environment refers to aspects such as cleanliness, brightness or welcoming features etc. Quality of the experience of using the service reflects how open, respectful, responsive the service is to those who receive care. Quality of the workforce refers to how valued the staff are and how they interact with others (KICK learning guide, 2003, up. 70-71). According to Andy, a project coordinator, valuing staff is crucial as when people feel valued they will give and deliver better care along with challenging difficulties (KICK, Audio 1, track 4). How the service provided is evaluated? To ensure the provision of a good service, managers need to measure quality. Fortunately, there are frameworks that prove to be useful when scoring a service. Firstly, the Audit Commission and Social services Inspectorate were the two main dies responsible for improving quality. Since 1998, the two bodies have started Joint Reviews, followed by Quality Protect Programmer and Best Value (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 169). The Audit Commission uses indicators based on performance to evaluate the functioning of public services. The social Services Inspectorate supports and inspects quality assurance approaches in local authorities. Joint Reviews evaluate how good services are from the point of view of people who use them. The Quality Protects Programmer focuses on improving the quality of childrens services and Best Value views entails local authorities to review services by using the four CSS (challenging, comparing, competing and consulting) (Walker, Murray an d Atkinson , 2003, p. 174) As quality is about improving services to users, it is therefore important to gain better understanding on how to implement quality the best possible way. In the health and social care field, two approaches are used to translate quality into practice. These are Quality Management and the Excellence Model. Total Quality Management looks at every aspect of quality. It focuses on process and outcomes by combining quality assurance and quality control. The main advantages of this model are that it creates a culture of quality within a team or organization. It is also determined by service users, it is continuous and it has no boundaries (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 175-176). On the other hand, the Excellence Model enables an organization to assess itself against a set of criteria for excellence and to use the assessment to achieve excellence. It identifies the areas that need improving and how to generate the appropriate changes Thus, highlighting the fact that good exults mean good services (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 179-180). In the current economic climate, implementing Total Quality Management approach might be better than sticking to The Excellence Model as it focuses on developing a culture of quality, in other words, embedding continuous practices that lead to good quality. Moreover, as this approach focuses on all the aspects of monitoring services it proves useful when gathering systematic information that comes from both external and internal audits. For example, in a care setting that provides catering revise for the service users, it is possible to control food costs, eliminate waste and fulfill different dietary needs by doing weekly stock takes and negotiating prices with food suppliers. In addition the use of a person-centered approach can be used as a cost-cutting measure by assessing the amount of support that is needed and avoid unnecessary high staffing levels. Total Quality Management also involves staff, service users and the wider community in the process of achieving quality. These people are known as the stakeholders. In the quest for quality, staff can be involved by having supervision and appraisal to view progress, set individual targets or identified the training that is needed. The provision of staff meetings is also a way to encourage cooperation to evaluate or discuss quality (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 179). However, this can also bring out difficulties from the staff and the managers perspective. Staff might not be willing to engage in the process or to express their opinions due to a lack of trust in the system under the assumptions that these might be used against them or, simply, that no action will be taken to improve quality. From a managers perspective, the halogen is about finding ways to encourage staff to observe critically at the service so that they can identify what improvements need to be done and communicate their opinions on development. Organizations can involve service users, relatives and wider community in the evaluation of quality initiatives. Managers can involve service users in evaluating the quality to the service by setting groups or individual interviews to consult people about their experiences, designing service users satisfaction questionnaires that reflect how good the experience of care provided is (KICK learning guide, 2003, p. ). However, this process is not straightforward and presents challenges too. Managers need to be aware that feedback correlates with the engagement of the individual. Therefore, when seeking feedback, they need to take into account factors such as the willingness or the ability of an individual to make and communicate decisions. Under those circumstances, managers need to reflect on options that can be used to assess quality e. G. Questioning style. For instance, when designing a feedback questionnaire it is necessary to keep in mind that the instructions given are clear and what types of questions will be used , open-ended or closed questions (KICK learning guide, 2003, p. 74). According to Rockford (2000) as cited in the Reader (Henderson and Sudden, 2003, p. 85) another issue that managers face is that they are the first in line for blame, but not always the first in line for training. However, as mentioned in the Course Reader, the best practice Journey is to link up with another manager to become a critical friend to each other in order to develop a peer review (Evans, 2003, p. 1 12). Conclusion Because quality is an elusive term, it is best to measure it into practice. This practice is about achieving excellence. To achieve excellence different models have been introduced through time to measure quality. Quality is measured by peoples experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to involve the service providers and service users in the process. However, the manager has a key role in knowing how to make this happen. In the current economic climate, the biggest difficulty that managers face is keeping the costs down without Jeopardizing the quality of the service. Through innovative approaches, it is possible to achieve this.