The Economic Vs. Environmental Growth Debate - 1408 Words

The economic vs. environmental growth debate has been a topic discussed in America for quite some time. The perfect example of this is the decision is whether America should to drill onshore for oil rather than importing their oil. Many believe that there is a relationship between the two. As the economy grows, the environment takes a knock. Some argue the need to stop economic growth and focus more on the harm that is being inflicted on the environment. As we drill onshore for oil, we are able to create more jobs for our country but at the same time it affects our environment in a negative manner. As the largest consumer of oil, continuing to import can become costly and we may become too dependent on other countries (Telegram, 2014). The question remains, can our nation improve without economic growth? Can we continue to grow our nation with continued dependency on other countries? Do the benefits of drilling onshore for oil outweigh the negative environmental affects? There have been many arguments showing the pros and cons of the tactics it takes to obtain economic growth. There are many pros when it comes to economic growth. Economic growth has the capability to improve the standard of living. Economic growth is caused by an increase of goods and services being produced and sold. Another benefit of economic growth is a decrease in the employment rate. As companies invest more, it will lead to more jobs being available which will dramatically help the unemploymentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article For The Life Worth Having 1550 Words   |  7 Pagesconference titled â€Å"For the life worth having†, held last November in Whanganui highlighted the link between economic and environmental health in the small regions and centres of New Zealand. 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Adam Smith and Karl Marx Contemporary economics are best explained by comparing two foundational thinkers that have contributed to the better understanding of liberalism, one being its proponent Adam Smith and the other being its most significant critic, Karl Marx. Both thinkers are profoundly important in locating and investigating the roots of neoliberalism as well as exploring alternatives ways to challenge neoliberal economics in the face of its post-cold war expansion as the inevitable andRead MoreThe Spotted Owl, the Forests Products Industry, and the Public Policy1462 Words   |  6 PagesConflicts of Interest A. Economic needs 1.Unemployment B. Preservation Needs 1.Endangered Species Act 2.Special Interest Groups III. Resolutions A. Possible Solutions B. Eventual Outcome 1. Loss of Interest a. Other Species Demand Attention 2. Migration 3. Repopulation Abstract The spotted owl was seen as a symbol of all things environmental during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The logging industry was well on its way to destroying most of the old growth forests of the PacificRead MoreMy Views On America Moving Toward A Sustainable Society1740 Words   |  7 Pagesis the three spheres of sustainability economy, environment and society based on how they equalize one another. The six precautionary concepts are: Preventive Anticipation the will to take early action without waiting for proof. Safeguard the environmental recognition. Proportionality of response cost the degree of restriction. Duty of Care, Promoting of the cause of rights inherent natural. And Payment for past ecological debt. 5. Compare and contrast the cowboy economy to the spaceman economyRead MoreThe Debate On Nature Vs Nurture Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesthe dubious history of the debate on nature vs nurture continues to be a controversy, more and more psychologists start to rise from both sides of the argument. The earliest evidence can be traced back to the time of John Locke, who believes that our minds are blank slates and only experience can write override it. Despite the main focus of the issue being how environment transact to influence development, psychologists today continue to argue on the issue of nature vs nurture. Intelligence is moreRead MoreCarl Rogers Vs. F. Skinner : Which Perspective Is The Most Important?1419 Words   |  6 Pages Carl Rogers vs B. F. Skinner – Which Perspective is the Most Important? A long-debated argument in the field of Psychology has been which theory or explanation of human behavior is the most important and the most viable. Is B. F. Skinner’s theory that behavior is the result of man’s response to external stimuli or is Carl Rogers’ theory that man’s behavior is the result of his determination to achieve self-actualization the best explanation? After much research and thought, I will argue in favorRead MoreTo What Extent Does Genetic Inheritance Influence Behavior?974 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To what extent does genetic inheritance influence behavior?† A debate of nature vs. nurture, as in whether it is our inherited genes or environmental factors that affect our behavior, has been going on for years. There are no true experiments on genetic inheritance influencing behavior due to ethical reasons. Only quasi-experiments and theories of pre-existing data are available that are on genetics or environmental factors affecting behavior. With the few studies existing one can still argueRead MoreShould Electronic Waste Be An Unethical Political Decision?3555 Words   |  15 Pageswhich highlights the conflicts and tensions between jobs and the environment. There are debates surrounding governance decisions and global economic linkages which approach the disposal of e-waste from two different stand points. One view is that the first world is making an unethical political decision to send its e-waste problem to pollution havens i.e. third-world countries with less stringent environmental standards. Electronic goods consist of highly toxic substances such as lead, chromium, mercuryRead MoreA Review of ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage2235 Words   |  9 Pagesand C.K. Prahalad This review will focus on the article ‘Strategy as Stretch and Leverage’ by Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad (1993). This review will identify the arguments made in the article and then place it within the context of one of the key debates in strategy academia. The review will then investigate the underlying assumptions made and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the article. The main argument of the article is that companies focus too much on evaluating their environment and

Allergies Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism Free Essays

Adrian V. Perse Human Biology Dr. Lawrence C. We will write a custom essay sample on Allergies: Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cwik * 19 November 2012 Allergies * We live in a world were technology is growing every day. We have new medical technology and are able to save more lives. With benefits come risks we have all this technology and we cant seem to stop genetically engineered foods from causing allergies. Ever wonder why people have allergic reactions to specific things? A lot of people don’t think about the foods they consume could cause them to have an allergic reaction. In this essay I will be talking about how genetically engineered foods can cause allergies or other adverse health effects. * Allergies are very common in the United States. Allergies affect over fifty million Americans and is the fifth leading disease in America. Different people also have different kinds of allergic reactions they could be more severe while some are mild. There are also different reaction times to allergies some take longer to develop while some only take a few seconds. If you have an allergic reaction that means you have something inside your body that could be harmful to you, this cause your immune system to have an over reaction to that hurtful/harmless substances. When this happens your body produces white blood cells to produce antibodies to eliminate the source of that threat. But what dose that have to do with GMOs? GMOs enter our body system directly through the foods that we eat. GMOs have a bigger effect on children then they do on adults because they are younger and their immune system isn’t as strong/resistant as an adults so they are more venerable. So what are GMOs you ask? GMOs stands for Genetically Modified Organism, which means a single celled organism that have been modified and put into foods to prevent pesticides. These are some of the GMOs that resulted from agricultural. One kind of GMO that has been approved out there is called Herbicide Tolerance, which is found in soybeans it builds tolerance to glyphosate allowing crops that would normally have been destroyed to live. GMOs have a big impact not just on us but the environment to. Over eighty percent of GMOs grown are used to herbicide tolerance. GMOs pigs also affect animals; cows and chickens are some of the main few. GMOs remain in our system long after we stop eating GMOs. GM crops also produce toxins through milk or animals that were feed GMOs. Kids are also at risk by drinking a lot of milk. GMO’s can affects kids even before birth. Yea GMOs even affect pregnant mothers it harms the fetal development and future genes passed on. That’s a brief description of what GMOs are and what they do. * Now lets talk about plant breeding and how it affects us. Let me tell you what plant breeding is first. Scientists have a method to removing and adding new DNA to organisms. They remove a part of DNA from an organisms then they find the specific gene they want and remove that from the DNA. After that they bind they bind the DNA and inserter it into a new organism. Scientists have been altering the genetics of plants trying to increase their value, they genetic alter crops by using unnatural breeding and use ultraviolet or gamma rays on these crops that we later consume. Genetically cross breeding decreases nutrition value then it normally would have been. Another disadvantages to plant breeding is antibiotic resistance. Plants are being inserted with antibiotics genes. When the plants receive the antibiotic and survives the antibiotic still remains inside the plant. When animals or humans consume this we could become immune to that antibiotic that we could of used later on being immune to a lot of antibiotic could prove harmful later in our generation. Increased toxicity is another disadvantage of plant breeding. Normally plants produce toxins but they are so mild that they do not have an affect on our health. By cross breeding plants this increases the toxicity level of plants and could prove to be harmful to our health that normally would have had been; before cross breeding. Those are some of the different affects of plant breeding. * After all you heard about your probably wondering why we still use GMOs. One thing scientists have been testing is to manipulate tree genes into absorbing CO2 to help reduce global warming. GMOs are needed to feed the growing population of the earth. We need more food cause were growing so fast we need to keep how much we produce higher then how much we consume. But who really needs the GMOs? Animals consume more GMOs then human do. More corn, soybeans, and other crops are feed to animals then humans. GMs are resistant to bacterial and viruses. GMs grow much faster then normal crops. GMs are resistant to harsh weather conditions such as colds making them able to grow in different environments. They can also add vitamins to the modified food, which could prove a good thing for third world countries that suffer from malnutrition. Another benefit to GMOs is that they last longer. They have a longer life expanse then they would of normally had. Now that you heard some of the advantages of GMOs let me tell you some of the disadvantages. Allergies are a big impact. In the past few years allergies has increased. This is cause by GMOs and cross breeding plants. Cross breeding plants mixes up the different genes in organisms combining different proteins that should have not been combined with that organism normally. These new proteins are produced fr om genetic engineering and our immune system hasn’t experienced this from of protein. This alerts the immune system to have an allergic reaction, which causes inflammation. This of course has a much more severe impact on children then it dose on adults and also has some long-term effects if you consume a lot of GMOs. GMOs don’t just affect humans they also hurt the environment. This could even affect babies before they are even born. We all know pregnant moms shouldn’t be eating specific kinds of foods. If a protein from something she’s allergic to be mixed with another species and she consumes it could be harmful to herself but the baby as well. Changing different spices of plant could hurt the natural cycle of life. If they don’t think GMOs are such a bad thing why don’t they label it? The FDA refuses to put labels on food stating weather they have been genetically mortified or not. Americans have the right to know weather they are consuming genetically mortified food or not. People shouldn’t be eating foods that could prove harmful to them their children. Other countries around the world have labels on their food stating if they are GM or not. When they are cross-breading plants/fruit they could be transferring different viruses from one organism to another with out even realizing it. GMOs also decrease the genetic diversity. Another big problem with GMOs are toxic fiction of neighboring crops. Nature is a very complex being and everything is linked together so altering the balance messes up nature’s cycle of life. There are a lot of advantages to using GMOs I’m not saying there aren’t. But that doesn’t change the fact that allergic reactions have increased substantially since the use of GMOs. A lot of countries already realized this and labeled their foods stating wither or not they contain GMOs. I think the United States should start labeling their foods. This isn’t going to stop the use of GMOs but it will reduce the allergic reaction rate in America. It’s a little scary to know that over seventy percent of the world’s population has been genetically modified. And how we don’t know what we’re consuming that we just consume. We don’t think about our health till the day we actually get sick and by then it’s to late. Around eighty six percent of the words GMOs are grown right here in the U. S. those are some of the ways I think genetically engineered foods can cause allergies or other adverse health effects. * How to cite Allergies: Immune System and Genetically Modified Organism, Papers

Involving the Service User in Shaping Services Continues free essay sample

Involving the Service User in Shaping Services Continues to Be an Important Activity Within Government Policy. Drawing from the KICK Materials Critically Discuss the Issues, Challenges and Benefits in Involving the By Marseilles In the current economic climate, managers are expected to provide a quality service at the same time as making financial savings. Critically evaluate the role of the manager in the light of the current economic climate. Introduction This assignment has its starting point on defining quality in health and social care ND how it can be delivered in a care setting. Subsequently, the role that the manager has in promoting, supporting and delivering the provision of good quality service to service users will be discussed. Moreover, as this process is not exempt from obstacles, especially in the current economic climate; it is therefore important to explore the elements that managers need to consider when assuring quality and saving costs. Finally, it will also be discussed how the service provided is evaluated so managers can ensure that a good service is provided to service users. What is quality? Every person has given or received care through life. However, whether the experience has been satisfactory or unsatisfactory depends on the quality of the service delivered and the quality of life experienced. Under those circumstances, it is possible to determine that quality in health and social services has an enormous importance as it is related to peoples lives. (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). Different authors have described the concept of quality from different points of views. According to Patterson (1997) and Donated (1980), even though quality mains as an important part of the health and social care agenda, it is still an elusive concept and a mystery to be unraveled. Colluded and Mullioned (2001) sustain that quality in practice refers to the provision of services that are fit for their purpose, but doing so at a reasonable cost and ensuring that people who use the services make choices based on information (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). In A quality Strategy for Social Care of the Department of Health (Bibb) the concept to quality is described as a process to changing and modernizing services in order to make them accessible and consistent. These services are delivered by competent workforce to meet the needs of those who use them (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 159). It could be argue that to define quality as a concept that can be applied universally is a challenging task. Therefore, it is best to define what it meaner in practice, in other words, in terms of peoples experience. People can recognize what good quality is when they experience it at first hand. Martin and Henderson (2001) acknowledge that based on this assumption, quality derives from knowing who the service users are, understanding their needs and what their expectations are as well as responding to their requirements in an effective way (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 160). Therefore, a high- quality service needs to be responsive, enabling, and inclusive (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 161) What role the manager has in achieving quality? Managers in health and social care play a key role as they are greatly involved in having to think, do, and measure quality along with facing a number of quality initiatives that might seem confusing. Providing quality is supposed to be everyones accessibility, albeit it is the responsibility of the manager to deliver it (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 1 59). The managers role in social care is continuously changing and having to adhere to an excess of policies and procedures and not getting real recognition of the day-to-day challenges and dilemmas encountered (Henderson and Sudden, 2003, up. 7-88). To sum up, managers are responsible for ensuring client, worker, departmental and governmental needs (Henderson and sudden, 2003, p. 93). About Quality Before the sasss, quality was approached from an introspective point of view. The profession was defined in terms of skills, knowledge and competence needed to do the Job. Moreover, it focused on inputs of the professionals. Howeve r, this approach fell short of taking into account the service users experience and the productivity of the service delivered (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 63). Consequently, due to government and service users that challenge the professional view of quality, procedures that are more objective originated. Besides, the need to improve services developed the concept to quality control to assure high standards to care (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 165). Quality Control and Quality Assurance methods were introduced in order to assure high standards of care. Quality control has to do with monitoring services, it is top- down and reactive and it only identifies where practice has not met standards. On the other hand, Quality Assurance is proactive, bottom- up, promotes quality instead of imposing it, and involves more staff when it comes to deliver quality care. It is a systematic approach to service delivery that consists of documenting processes, ensuring and supporting staff along with reviewing practice. It also implies a change in the culture of the services, in terms of preventing errors, so that the idea of quality becomes embedded (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 166-168). Is it possible to ensure good quality service while keeping the costs down? Managers face continuous challenges to ensure quality service. However, given the current economic climate, the major challenge facing all health services today is keeping costs down and improving services at the same time. Value for money is part of quality. However, sometimes getting value for money meaner accepting deductions in quality as part of getting a lower price in a tendering exercise (Standard, 2012). On the contrary, it could be argued that limited budgets do not inevitably lead to cuts that will result in poorer quality services. It is possible to mitigate the impact of the cuts by implementing innovative and everyday approaches. In a residential setting, for instance, a practice-led manager can monitor quality within services. Firstly, internal audits on a regular basis are needed to ensure that what should be done is done and implement a plan of action otherwise. In the course CD -Room (KICK, Managing Care at Walbridge CD-ROOM, scenario 4) Julie at Walbridge considers that the quickest and simplest way to reduce unit costs is to employ more agency staff and lose the overheads which permanent staff cost (e. . Sick pay, holiday pay, overtime hours). However, Julie emphasized that it is essential to be careful not to create unnecessary Job losses and implement the use of agency staff gradually to retain the most committed and reliable staff. Furthermore, as the provision of quality care, it is correlated to the staff knowledge and skills to meet the residents needs; in souse training to reduce costs could be a useful way to minimize expenses. Besides, the same outcome can be achieved by booking staff on free training courses offered by City Councils and NASH trusts. Moreover, another way to facilitate saving for the institution is by implementing a person-centered care that is responsive to individual needs and preferences. Thus, reducing costs by targeting resources that are not needed. Additionally, managers who deal with services that help people who need care but live in the community can also deliver quality care by introducing innovative ways. For instance, moving people on trot residential care to supported living options translates into reducing costs as it decreases over-support. Equally important, it does not only entail progression but it also entails focusing on what people can do for themselves. Moreover, giving people budgetary control can and does lead to more efficient use of resources as they know best what their needs are (Coping with the cuts, 2011) What other elements of quality do managers need to consider? The quality of services can be seen from two subjective perspectives. Firstly, from the sews of those who provide the service and secondly, from the views of people who receive them. Therefore, managers need to consider a number of factors that determine the quality of life, quality of the environment, and quality of the experience of using the service (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 161). Quality of life of the service user meaner how good that is . Quality of the environment refers to aspects such as cleanliness, brightness or welcoming features etc. Quality of the experience of using the service reflects how open, respectful, responsive the service is to those who receive care. Quality of the workforce refers to how valued the staff are and how they interact with others (KICK learning guide, 2003, up. 70-71). According to Andy, a project coordinator, valuing staff is crucial as when people feel valued they will give and deliver better care along with challenging difficulties (KICK, Audio 1, track 4). How the service provided is evaluated? To ensure the provision of a good service, managers need to measure quality. Fortunately, there are frameworks that prove to be useful when scoring a service. Firstly, the Audit Commission and Social services Inspectorate were the two main dies responsible for improving quality. Since 1998, the two bodies have started Joint Reviews, followed by Quality Protect Programmer and Best Value (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, p. 169). The Audit Commission uses indicators based on performance to evaluate the functioning of public services. The social Services Inspectorate supports and inspects quality assurance approaches in local authorities. Joint Reviews evaluate how good services are from the point of view of people who use them. The Quality Protects Programmer focuses on improving the quality of childrens services and Best Value views entails local authorities to review services by using the four CSS (challenging, comparing, competing and consulting) (Walker, Murray an d Atkinson , 2003, p. 174) As quality is about improving services to users, it is therefore important to gain better understanding on how to implement quality the best possible way. In the health and social care field, two approaches are used to translate quality into practice. These are Quality Management and the Excellence Model. Total Quality Management looks at every aspect of quality. It focuses on process and outcomes by combining quality assurance and quality control. The main advantages of this model are that it creates a culture of quality within a team or organization. It is also determined by service users, it is continuous and it has no boundaries (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 175-176). On the other hand, the Excellence Model enables an organization to assess itself against a set of criteria for excellence and to use the assessment to achieve excellence. It identifies the areas that need improving and how to generate the appropriate changes Thus, highlighting the fact that good exults mean good services (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 179-180). In the current economic climate, implementing Total Quality Management approach might be better than sticking to The Excellence Model as it focuses on developing a culture of quality, in other words, embedding continuous practices that lead to good quality. Moreover, as this approach focuses on all the aspects of monitoring services it proves useful when gathering systematic information that comes from both external and internal audits. For example, in a care setting that provides catering revise for the service users, it is possible to control food costs, eliminate waste and fulfill different dietary needs by doing weekly stock takes and negotiating prices with food suppliers. In addition the use of a person-centered approach can be used as a cost-cutting measure by assessing the amount of support that is needed and avoid unnecessary high staffing levels. Total Quality Management also involves staff, service users and the wider community in the process of achieving quality. These people are known as the stakeholders. In the quest for quality, staff can be involved by having supervision and appraisal to view progress, set individual targets or identified the training that is needed. The provision of staff meetings is also a way to encourage cooperation to evaluate or discuss quality (Walker, Murray and Atkinson, 2003, up. 179). However, this can also bring out difficulties from the staff and the managers perspective. Staff might not be willing to engage in the process or to express their opinions due to a lack of trust in the system under the assumptions that these might be used against them or, simply, that no action will be taken to improve quality. From a managers perspective, the halogen is about finding ways to encourage staff to observe critically at the service so that they can identify what improvements need to be done and communicate their opinions on development. Organizations can involve service users, relatives and wider community in the evaluation of quality initiatives. Managers can involve service users in evaluating the quality to the service by setting groups or individual interviews to consult people about their experiences, designing service users satisfaction questionnaires that reflect how good the experience of care provided is (KICK learning guide, 2003, p. ). However, this process is not straightforward and presents challenges too. Managers need to be aware that feedback correlates with the engagement of the individual. Therefore, when seeking feedback, they need to take into account factors such as the willingness or the ability of an individual to make and communicate decisions. Under those circumstances, managers need to reflect on options that can be used to assess quality e. G. Questioning style. For instance, when designing a feedback questionnaire it is necessary to keep in mind that the instructions given are clear and what types of questions will be used , open-ended or closed questions (KICK learning guide, 2003, p. 74). According to Rockford (2000) as cited in the Reader (Henderson and Sudden, 2003, p. 85) another issue that managers face is that they are the first in line for blame, but not always the first in line for training. However, as mentioned in the Course Reader, the best practice Journey is to link up with another manager to become a critical friend to each other in order to develop a peer review (Evans, 2003, p. 1 12). Conclusion Because quality is an elusive term, it is best to measure it into practice. This practice is about achieving excellence. To achieve excellence different models have been introduced through time to measure quality. Quality is measured by peoples experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to involve the service providers and service users in the process. However, the manager has a key role in knowing how to make this happen. In the current economic climate, the biggest difficulty that managers face is keeping the costs down without Jeopardizing the quality of the service. Through innovative approaches, it is possible to achieve this.

Platos Republic Essays (1068 words) - Philosophy, Virtue, Ethics

Plato's Republic Virtues contribute to people's actions in today's society. Society as a whole has a common set of virtues that many people agree on. In today's society, these are known as laws. Virtues also mold the individual outlook on life, and give them the moral's to do what is right. In The Republic, Plato divides the city into three classes: gold, silver, as well as bronze and iron souls. Each class is designated to posses a specific virtue. He believes that wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice combine together to form The Republic. However, Plato's four virtues individually do not necessarily produce a utopian society. A combination of the four in each citizen is imperative in producing the ideal society. In Plato's search for the perfect "republic", he decides that the basis of the city will be on four virtues. The first of them is wisdom. Plato defines wisdom, in Greek terms "Sophia", as knowledge of the city as a whole. Of the three classes, the gold souls posses the virtue of wisdom. The gold souls are the only class whose knowledge goes beyond the mere facts to the level of true wisdom. "...This class, which properly has a share in that knowledge which alone among the various kinds of knowledge ought to be called wisdom, has, as it seems, the fewest members by nature" (429a). The second virtue that Plato defines is courage, which in Greek terms is "Andreia". Courage is the preservation of the opinion produced by law, through education about what things are terrible, and what things are good. Courage can be found in the silver souls. Plato uses the example that when dyers want to dye wool, they start with the background. They need the right kind of white material, and they have to prepare it carefully; and if they go to this trouble, you can not bleach the color out. If they do a poor job of it, the cloth quickly becomes washed-out and faded. Plato used the dyeing analogy to state how he wishes to train the silver souls (429d- 430b). He states that the people will undergo a precise training. Certain music and physical activity will only be allowed. Plato wanted a good upbringing to make the right ideas permanent in them, so that the bleach of pleasure, grief, fear, or death, would not wash the true colors from their souls. "For, in my opinion, you regard the right opinion about these same things that comes to be without education- that found in beast and slaves- as not at all lawful and call it something other than courage" (430b). Once they got to this point of having a clear, firm grasp of what is really dangerous to a man, they knew their only task was to show courage. The third virtue in The Republic, is moderation. The Greek term for moderation is Sophrosune. Plato defines moderation as the kind of accord and harmony between the bronze and silver souls. Moderation is the ability to control desires and to be the master of ones self. There are two things at work in a man's heart. One is good, and one is bad. The bad can overwhelm the good. If the people have bad training or keep company with the wrong people, the bad force grows powerful and can overwhelm the good. If the good one controls them, then there is moderation; but if the bad one controls, they are a slave to their own desires and that they are out of control or unprincipled. "If, therefore, any city ought to be designed stronger than pleasures, desires, and itself, then this one must be so called" (431d). When a city as a whole is moderate, it is in harmony. Moderation is different from wisdom or courage. It is found not just in the gold and silver souls, but as something that runs throughout the city. "Three of them have been spied out in our city, at least sufficiently to form some opinion. Now what would be the remaining form thanks to which the city would further partake in virtue? For, plainly, this is justice" (432b). The fourth and final virtue in The Republic is justice. Justice, or in Greek terms, "Dikaiosune", is defined by Plato as minding one's own business. Justice comes about when every person in the republic is doing what he or she is set to do. The shoemakers make only shoes, and the farmers only deal with agriculture. When everyone minds their own business and does what he

Tivo Case Analysis Essays

Tivo Case Analysis Essays Tivo Case Analysis Paper Tivo Case Analysis Paper TiVo a disruptive or a sustaining technology on the fact coming from the article, TiVo iS a disruptive technology * TiVo did not seek to become a media portal or a content aggregator. Instead, it would act primarily as a facilitator to third party content distributors. At the core of these offerings was Tivocast, a feature that let users access video contents feeds through main TiVo menu Two push Into broadband content distribution. TiVo could deliver such content only users who linked their TiVo devices to a broadband onnection. In mid-2007, about 650,000 users fell Into that category, although an Increasing percentage ot new subscribers were connecting to TIVO Vla broadband (usually through a wireless connection). In addition. TiVo could offer broadband content only to its retail customers Mass distribution partners. according to TiVo leaders, did not yet have the ability to transmit TiVo-controlled content through their delivery networks. TiVo understood the challenge of pursing opportunities in so many fields. each with its own business model.Nonetheless. the vision required TiVo to sustain operation on all of these fronts at least until the company could clarify which of its bets were right ones. Â  What was TiVoS strategy in the initial years of it operation? TiVcfs goal is to change the way consumers watch television, broadband video. and advertising and to generate revenues through the deployment of its entertainment services and technology to television viewing households worldwide. The key elements of TiVo strategy initial years of its operation are: Sales and distribution: Stand-Alone sales and Mass distribution * Diversify Sources of Revenue: AS TiVoS subscription base is large, it can offer interactive advertising capabilities to programmers and advertisers, Which take advantage Of the unique tagging, recording, storage, and viewing capabilities Of the TiVo service. * Audience Research and Measurement: TiVoS ability to track users Viewing habits opened up another promising business line for the company. In June 2006, TiVo launched its Audience Research and Measurement (ARM) unit, which expanded the companys existing product line in this area. Its core ARM products was the commercial Viewership Report, which charted hot. ers watched or did not watch commercial content. Software and Intellectual Property: Protecting and, where possible, monetizing Intellectual property (IP) had become an increasingly vital element of TiVos strategy. International Operation and branding: the strength of the TiVo brand Is an advantage in attracting consumers. cable and satellite television providers, and other customers. Comcast and Cox would promote and deploy TiVo-branded DVR software to their subscribers.There is a large opportunity to leverage the TiVo service and technology outside the united States. Â  What have been the key successes and first mover Due to the first mover in this market, it took time and money to copy this advantage. The first version of its product/service was fully loaded with all the innovative additional features that maximized the viewers experience. TiVo wanted to grow speedily within this new segment by looking for partnerships with TV distribution. TiVo could also increase its speed to market by focusing on developing its service and licensing its hardware technology to large Consumer Electronic ompanies. What have been the key failures and weakness of this strategy? Although TiVo has their advantage of first mover, they has to face with many other disadvantage of one. There are a lot of other competitors which will try to copy model and invest more and more capital. The competitors also take advantage from the failures from TiVo to improve their products. Stand-Alone DVR sales: To become stand-alone TiVo customers, consumers first had to buy a TiVo DVR either directly from the company or from a CE retailer. They then had to subscribe to the TiVo service on either a monthly or a multi-year basis. A TiVo DVR was virtually worthless without that service. This model were not in favor of customers because it was not flexible. What should TiVo do going forward? What strategy do you recommend and why? Enrich media content of product: cooperates with film maker to have the right to distribute through TiVo network. On-cloud storage: no more needed to be stored in the HDD. The cloud technology helps TiVo and customers inherited low cost for the products. Optimization tools for their products: customization or internet connection optimization are the best examples which customers often looking for an online solution.

Surplus and Surplice

Surplus and Surplice Surplus and Surplice Surplus and Surplice By Maeve Maddox The fashion term â€Å"surplice neckline† recently came to my attention. The term applies to a diagonally crossed neckline that creates a deep v-shaped neckline. The surplice style is thought of as a â€Å"faux wrap,† a cross-over design that makes the garment look as if it is wrapped around the wearer. Unlike a wrap-around garment, the faux wrap is sewn in place. Perhaps it is this â€Å"extra† piece of cloth that causes some advertisers to misspell surplice as surplus: Dress like a goddess in this gorgeous gown made in sheer chiffon and designed with a surplus neckline Emily West Girls Surplus Neckline Floral Dress Get Deals Arden B. Womens Lace Back Surplus Neckline Tank Julian Taylor Womens Printed Surplus Neckline Dress surplus: more than sufficient; extra Before I learned the fashion term, my only acquaintance with the word surplice was the wide-sleeved white ecclesiastical garment worn by priests and altar boys over a cassock. The earliest documentation for the noun surplice in the OED is from a manuscript dated c1290. The word entered English from Anglo-Norman surpliz, which derived from medieval Latin superpellicium. By 1382, the word could also mean any â€Å"ample or enveloping† garment. The literal meaning of the Latin word was â€Å"over the fur garment.† In winter, medieval churches were cold and drafty. Apparently the priest bundled up in a practical fur tunic or robe and wore the priestly garment over it. Finally, surplice and surplus, are pronounced differently: surplice [SUR-pliss] surplus [SUR-plus] Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Email Etiquette150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

Letter format Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter format - Assignment Example In response to your letter dated August 3 regarding the reported turntable of the Justrite microwave oven which broke shortly right after the expiration of the warranty period, please accept our sincerest apologies for the inconvenience it could have caused you in any way. As a policy, our company is more than willing to check on the status of your microwave oven at the soonest possible time to verify the cause of the problem. In the meantime, a replacement unit would be provided for your use while the unit is being repaired, if needed. We would be glad to accommodate you complaint despite the lapse of the warranty period since our priority is to keep our customers satisfied. In fact, the Justrite microwave oven you purchased has been rated â€Å"best in its class† and â€Å"most reliable† by the Consumers Count magazine. The recent survey of selected purchases revealed that 98.5% of first time purchasers of Justrite ovens are pleased to have chosen our products and pledged to buy others of the same

Political Implications and Its Role in the Tourism and Transport Secto Essay

Political Implications and Its Role in the Tourism and Transport Sector in Mauritius - Essay Example The research recommends that the government formulate a long-term strategic policy of sustainable development, diversify into eco-tourism, event tourism, medical tourism or business tourism, and develop more programs to integrate the local community into sharing the benefits of the tourism industry. Mauritius, located 1000 km off the coast of Madagascar is a popular holiday destination for beach-resort tourists. After the EPZ manufacturing and agriculture, tourism is the key contributor to the economic growth as well as the development of Mauritius (Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority, 2010). Over the past two decades, the number of tourists has increased at a rate of 9% and tourism receipts have increased by over 21%. In 2000, gross tourism receipts were 14.2 billion rupees (508.3 million US $) and contributed to about 11 % of the GDP of Mauritius (Overview of the tourism sector in Mauritius, 2010). In 2007, tourist arrivals in reached around 907,000 and tourism receipts are about $1,297 million. This shows how tourism has progressed as a very important component of the economy in Mauritius. The case of Mauritius shows that tourism is considered a key contributor to the economic development of developing nations. It is a given fact that for the tourism industry to flourish in any particular nation, it is necessary that political environment supports and encourages tourism (de Silva, 2000). Over the past few years, tourism has become an extremely competitive industry. In wake of this competition, the policymakers have realized the importance of a health policy and a good political environment (Saleem, 1996). Tourists are people who can be easily influenced by any political or social even happening in a nation. Therefore, it becomes even more critical to ensure that the political and the governmental environment support tourist culture. According to Martin & Witt (1988), the infrastructure base of a country may be a determinant of the attractiveness of a tourism destination.  Ã‚  

The role of emotion in racial prejudice Essay Example for Free

The role of emotion in racial prejudice Essay Racial prejudice was defined by Allport , one of the first researchers in psychology to investigate the issue, as an aversive or hostile attitude towards a person who belongs to a group, simply because he or she belongs to that group, and is therefore presumed to have the objectionable qualities ascribed to that group. It is an antipathy based on a faulty and inflexible generalization (Allport, 1954). Racial prejudice exists on 3 levels: behavioral, cognitive and affective. The actual discrimination or unequal treatment towards a particular group based on their race is the behavioral component of racial prejudice. The cognitive component is made up of stereotypes. Stereotypes are categories of cognitions concerning the members of a particular group. These cognitions are usually simple, often over generalized, and frequently inaccurate. Stereotypes are not simply abstractions about group categories. They can act as cognitive filters through which we select what information to use, what to ignore, and how to interpret it. Stereotypes do not exist in isolation. They are accompanied by emotions, which are usually expressed in terms that can be distributed along a continuum ranging from the intensely negative to the very positive. (Simpson and Yinger, 1972) The emotional level is a major element of racism, because it serves as the motivation for stereotyping. Stereotypes would not be so powerful without affective links. After the cognitive level has been challenged and undermined, one continues to maintain stereotypes at the emotional or affective level. As the intensity of emotion increases, so does the level of prejudice. This paper will explore the influence of emotions on ones unconscious and conscious inclinations towards stereotyping and racism. Fear, anxiety, disgust and anger are all emotions that exist at the root of racism. According to an evolutionary perspective, fear is one of the most motivational emotions humans have in their bodies to keep them alive. It protects humans from danger, by motivating them to fight back when they are being threatened. This fight manifests itself in many different ways, but in the context of racism it is in the form of discrimination towards an out-group. This explains racism as a means of fighting back when an individuals fear has been aroused due to perceived threat to an ones fundamental needs by the out-group. Fear exists in the reptilian brain, the very basic area of the brain and it can sometimes be aroused unconsciously. Fear can cause neurotransmitters to fill the brain, bringing an individual to such a heightened state of arousal that the cause of fear becomes internalized. (Le Doux, 2002) In the context of racism, if an individual or group is identified with that arousal, an association is made that is not easily removed. This evolutionary logic leads to many thoughts about factors in modern day society leading to the acquisition of new stereotypes and prejudices, as well as the endurance existing stereotypes and prejudices. For example, a recent study conducted by Schaller, Park and Mueller investigated the effect of ambient darkness and thoughts about danger on stereotypes about Blacks. The participants were placed in either a well lit or dark room, then they were presented photographs of black males and asked to rate how much they represented the cultural stereotype. The study also included a separate questionnaire to assess each participants thoughts of living in a dangerous world. The results showed that when the participants were in the well lit room, their level of perceived danger in the world did not have an effect on the intensity of their stereotypes of blacks. However, when the participants were in the dark room, stereotypes of blacks were more intense in association with their level of perceived danger in the world. To people everywhere darkness is a threat, it presents danger due to vulnerability and has evil connotations. This study clearly illustrates the relationship between racism and fear. (Schaller, Park Mueller, 2002). Inter-group anxiety has been proven to be another motivator for racial prejudice. High levels of intergroup anxiety may amplify normative behavioral patterns, cause cognitive and motivational information processing biases, intensify self-awareness, and augment emotional reactions (Stephan Stephan, 1985). Stephan and Stephan proposed that intergroup anxiety stems mainly from the anticipation of negative consequences for oneself during contact. Much of the intergroup anxiety may be caused by minimal previous contact with the outgroup, the existence of large status differentials, and a high ratio of outgroup to ingroup members. Stephan and Stephans own study of Hispanic Americans perceptions of Anglos showed that high voluntary contact was negatively associated, and that high believed dissimilarity and stereotyping were positively associated, with intergroup anxiety. It was predicted that increased contact (under appropriate conditions) would be associated with decreased intergroup anxiety and that, in the context of our field study of minority and majority religious groups, intergroup anxiety would be higher for minority group members. (Stephan Stephan, 1985) The Social-identity theory is widely used as an explanation for prejudice. According to Social-Identity theory, an individual attains self-concept and self-esteem through membership to a particular group. A high need for esteem and belonging are often associated with racism because of the psychological need it fulfill it to feel superior, (which in actuality is a state of inferiority). In order for individuals to feel as though their group is meaningful and has status, it is unconsciously necessary for them to place others below them. In applying emotion to this model of prejudice, it is evident that fear of rejection acts as a motivator for out-group discrimination in order to protect ones own ego. A newer model of prejudice; Intergroup Emotions Theory, combines this social identity perspective with the assumptions of appraisal theories of emotion. Intergroup Emotions Theory claims that emotions are caused by the collective aspect of the self. For example, when an outgroup is appraised as threatening an ingroup, negative intergroup emotions such as fear or anger may result, and become part of a general prejudice against the outgroup that may motivate discriminatory behavior. Thus, Intergroup Emotions Theory holds that emotions experienced by individuals with respect to their group memberships make a unique contribution to prejudice and intergroup relations. In association with the Intergroup Emotion Theory which recognizes the appraisals and attribution process in racial motives. Esses, Haddock and Zanna point out that there is more to prejudice than merely the attribution of stereotypes to groups. Their research suggests that the emotions elicited by a particular group are important in determining ones level of prejudice. When one is in a good mood, he or she is likely to evaluate members of out-groups more favorably than when he or she is in a bad mood. (Esses, Haddock Zanna, 1993) Another example of the role emotion plays in predicting racial prejudice is illustrated in a study by Esses and Dovidio. They found that when white students were shown a videotape of a black man experiencing discrimination in several situations and asked to focus on their feelings about each situation, they felt more positive toward blacks and were more willing to interact with blacks in the future than students who were told to pay attention to their thoughts in this regard. Aversive racism is yet another way in which emotion is seen as a factor in racism. Aversive racism is accompanied by feelings of anxiety, which are caused by intergroup expectancies and by the contribution of ignorance that often coexists with fear. Gaertner and Dovidio state that aversive racism is excluded from conscious awareness and amplifies positive behaviours toward a minority group. Negative feelings follow these overly positive behaviours. Gaertner and Dovidio indicate that there are several possible negative emotions involved such as discomfort, anxiety, uneasiness, disgust and even fear. These emotions occur because of the extreme cognitive exercise necessary to avoid expressing unacceptable racist comments. Once again it is being suggested that negative emotions mediate the relationship between stereotypes, which are unavoidable, and prejudice that includes affect. (Gaertner and Dovidio, 1986) The studies mentioned throughout this paper prove that emotions play a significant role in human tendencies towards racial prejudices. It is also evident that these tendencies can be in many ways unconscious. However, much of this research has also shown that if humans are made more aware of the role that their emotions play in these prejudice thoughts and actions, they can learn to monitor them consciously. Also other research has noted that by increasing intergroup contact racism between groups will decrease. Racial prejudice is a major social problem that must be alleviated and more research in this area will always be beneficial in helping society become more unified. Works Cited Allport, The Nature of Prejudice, Doubleday, 1958 Esses, V. Dovidio, J. (2002). The role of emotions in determining willingness to engage in intergroup contact. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 637-649. Esses, V. M. , Haddock, G. , Zanna, M. P. (1993). Values, stereotypes, and emotions as determinants of intergroup attitudes. In D. M. Mackie D. L. Hamilton (Eds. ), Affect, cognition and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 137-166). San Diego: Academic Press. Gaertner, S. L. , Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J. F. Dovidio S. L. Gaertner (Eds. ), Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. LeDoux, Joseph. The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are. Viking, 2002. Schaller, M. , Park, J. , Mueller, A. (2002). Fear of the dark: Interactive effects of beliefs about dander and ambient darkness on ethnic stereotypes. Personality and Social Bulletin, 28, 1242-1254. Simpson G. E. Yinger J. M, Racial and Cultural Minorities. An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination, New York 1972, p. 24. Stephan, W. G. , Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 157-175.

Using RFID Technology to Replace Bar Codes and Scanners in the Harley-D

Overview of the Case Study Harley-Davidson (H-D) and other companies that have many manufacturing plants or production units and various dealerships may consider implementing RFID technology as a means of increasing the efficiency of all parts of its supply chain. An abstract from Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia describes Radio-frequency identification (RFID), as a technology that uses radio waves to transmit data and uniquely identify an animal, person or thing. This case study looks at the potential use of RFID technology to replace bar codes and scanners in Harley-Davidson supply chain. It indentifies some pros and cons of its implementation and addresses the question – What are some of the issues Harley-Davidson will face in comparison with those experienced by other companies such as Wall-Mart when they tried to implement RFID in their supply chains. Finally it will present a timetable for the adoption of RFID technology by Harley-Davidson in its supply chain. Problem Statement â€Å"It was over a period of several years, Harley-Davidson reduced its number of suppliers from 4000 to fewer than 350† (Schneider, 2009), despite this reduction, it still has a significant spread of its operations. For a company incorporating such a supply chain in its sales of motorcycles and related product yearly, reducing or maintaining costs is very important. In such a situation the need to find more efficient ways to conduct the various aspects of the business in its supply chain is ongoing. â€Å"The part of an industry value chain that precedes a particular strategic business unit is often called a supply chain† (Schneider 2009), p. 230. Harley-Davidson supply chain will include all the companies involved in the design, production, ... ...and-Held-2D-Bar code-Scanner---Advantages-and-Disadvantages http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_Field Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com Radio-frequency Identification (10/1/2009) Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition p1-1,1p Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com Database: Primary Search Roberti, M. (n.d.) New to RFID Journal, Welcome to RFID Journal http://www.rfidjournal.com/ Schneider, G. (2009). BUS 107 Electronic Commerce (8th edition) Course Technology, Cengage Learning, Strayer University Technologies: RFID/ What is RFID? http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/RFID/what_is_rfid.asp TIBCO’s Solution for RFID implementation and integration http://www.hoffmanmarcom.com/docs/rfid_whitepaper-updated.pdf Works Cited `Schneider, G. (2009). BUS 107 Electronic Commerce (8th edition) Course Technology, Cengage Learning, Strayer University

Ethics, What Is Ethics Essay

What Is Ethics? Ethics is the part of philosophy that deals with good and evil. Ethics tries to answer questions like: †¢What actions are good? What actions are evil? †¢How can we tell the difference? †¢Are good and evil the same for everyone? †¢How should we make hard decisions that might help or hurt other people? The Four main studies of ethics are; †¢Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning of moral propositions and ethical opinions; †¢Normative ethics, an abstract set of principles to distinguish right from wrong †¢Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations; †¢Descriptive ethics is the study of people’s beliefs about morality, what ethical beliefs people have; Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality. Meta-ethics is a field within philosophy that seeks to understand the nature of normative ethics. The focus of meta-ethics is on how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong. It’s the mean of ethical opinions, but the opinions have to be justified. Normative ethics is the study of ethical action. It is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking. There are two types of normative ethics; Relativist and absolutist. Relativist ethics have flexible rules surrounding ethics so to get the best possible outcome for everyone where as with absolutist views, the rules are non negotiable, you must follow them no matter what the outcome. Applied ethics attempts to apply ethical theory to real-life situations. Applied ethics is used by individuals facing difficult decisions. The sort of questions addressed by applied ethics include: â€Å"Is getting an abortion immoral?† â€Å"Is euthanasia immoral?† â€Å"Is affirmative action right or wrong?† â€Å"What are human rights, and how do we determine them?† â€Å"Do animals have rights as well?† and â€Å"Do individuals have the right of self determination?† It is the study of human morals, and issues of moral concerns. Applied ethics are open to debate. Descriptive ethics are the ethical beliefs people actually have. Its examination of ethics doesn’t start with a preconceived theory, but it investigates observations of actual choices made by people in practice. Some philosophers rely on descriptive ethics and choices made and unchallenged by a society or culture to derive categories, which typically vary by context. This can lead to situational ethics and situated ethics. Utilitarianism; is an ethical theory that argues the proper course of action is one that maximizes overall â€Å"happiness†. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are influential supporters of this. Bentham says ‘it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong’. This form of utilitarianism holds that what matters is the total happiness; the happiness of everyone and not the happiness of any particular person. John Stuart Mill, in his exposition of hedonistic utilitarianism, proposed a hierarchy of pleasures, meaning that the pursuit of certain kinds of pleasure is more highly valued than the pursuit of other pleasures. Deontology; deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek â€Å"duty†) is an approach to ethics that determines goodness or rightness from examining acts, or the rules and duties that the person doing the act tried to fulfil. In deontology, an act may be considered right even if the act produces a bad consequence if it follows the rule that â€Å"one should do unto others as they would have done unto them†, and even if the person who does the act lacks virtue and had a bad intention in doing the act. According to deontology, we have a duty to act in a way that does those things that are inherently good as acts, or follow an obligatory rule (as in rule utilitarianism). For deontologists, the ends or consequences of our actions are not important in and of themselves, and our intentions are not important in and of themselves.

Satisfactory Academic Appeal Form

May I respectfully ask for your patience and understanding as I explain my justifications for appealing to you. In essence, I will be discussing one major issue that influenced my two subjects. I pray that this will greatly shed light and not give a lopsided or biased point-of-view of my present predicament. As the facts evidently point out, I have had extreme difficulty in both, my History and Psychology classes. In this regard, I have spent much time contemplating on the parameters that insinuate the validity or invalidity of my claims with reference to the situations and reasons stated in the Satisfactory Academic Progress Appeal Form. As such, I deeply and strongly believe that my basis for appealing is legitimate and warrants your kind consideration. Allow me to first state that English is not my first language. Therefore, I have great difficulty to both effectively communicate and to be communicated upon. With this reality, I honestly admit that it has taken me a vast amount of time and effort just to construct this appeal. This is thus the primary reason for my shortcomings in my academics. I have relentlessly tried to understand and speak with my professors to help me because of this reason. This is the case in my History class, where I find it hard to understand my professor with all the facts and events I as a student have to comprehend in the subject. The same case somehow reflects my problem in my Psychology class, as when my professor will recommend that I read the book every time I ask for his help. I feel that as much as my professors want to accommodate me, this communication barrier tends to be an overwhelming obstacle at times. This does not even account for the fact that I am not the only student they have. Let it be known that I have no intention of directing my inadequacy on my professors. This is not an interpersonal problem with them. I have no queries on whether or not my professors’ styles of teaching are hard or not. My only concern is centered upon my own faults that have become detrimental to my performance and growth not just as a student, but as a person as well. Therefore, I appeal to your compassionate and understanding heart for the consideration of my case. I only hope that you grant me this new opportunity to be a good student and a better person. I place my future in your hands. Thank you very much for then attention you have generously granted to me.

Communist Russia essays

Communist Russia essays In the past Russia has been a communist society. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the society strived to become more advanced and more Western. After the collapse, the people had optimistic expectations. They believed that there would be a short transition period, a rise of a normal/civil society and that Russia would replace the Soviet Union as a great power. This did not happen. In fact, there were many difficulties that they are slowly overcoming. An event that, in my opinion, has encouraged a step in the right direction is the 1996 presidential election. This election was similar to a democracy but not exactly. There are certain elements of a democracy that Russia has not fully embraced. In the 1996 elections, Russia was still in the shadows on how to make the democracy work for them. Before jumping right into the election, I would like to discuss the collapse and the path that led to the democracy style elections. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the people expected a short, difficult transition period. This period turned out to be long and lasted until the end of the decade. The people were also looking forward to a rise of a normal/civil society with the addition of a middle class. In fact, they developed an hourglass society. This meaning that there was a small amount of middle class people and a large number of lower class people. The concentration of the wealth was in the possession of a small number of people. Russia also expected to take the place of the Soviet as a great power. They have not, as of yet, retained their status. Socialists believed that this would lead to a rebound of a normal democratic society. This didnt happen. Some reasons were that no one remembered the pre-Soviet past and that the totalitarian way had become a way of life. Russia is still making steps to become a normal democratic society. With the 1996 presidential electio...

Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence The triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are three distinct types of intelligence: practical, distinct, and analytical. It was formulated by Robert J. Sternberg, a well-known psychologist whose research often focuses on human intelligence and creativity. The triarchic theory is comprised of three subtheories, each of which relates to a specific kind of intelligence: the contextual subtheory, which corresponds to practical intelligence, or the ability to successfully function in one’s environment; the experiential subtheory, which corresponds to creative intelligence, or the ability to deal with novel situations or issues; and the componential subtheory, which corresponds to analytical intelligence, or the ability to solve problems. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Key Takeaways The triarchic theory of intelligence originated as an alternative to the concept of general intelligence factor, or g.  The theory, proposed by psychologist Robert J. Sternberg, contends that there are three types of intelligence: practical (the ability to get along in different contexts), creative (the ability go come up with new ideas), and analytical (the ability to evaluate information and solve problems).The theory is comprised of three subtheories: contextual, experiential, and componential. Each subtheory corresponds to one of the three proposed types of intelligence. Origins Sternberg  proposed his theory in 1985 as an alternative to the idea of the general intelligence factor. The general intelligence factor,  also known as  g, is what intelligence tests typically measure. It  refers only to â€Å"academic intelligence.† Sternberg argued that practical intelligence- a person’s ability to react and adapt to the world around them- as well as creativity are equally important when measuring an individuals overall intelligence.  He also argued that  intelligence isn’t fixed, but rather  comprises a set of abilities that can be developed.  Sternbergs assertions led to the creation of his theory.   Subtheories Sternberg broke his theory down into  the following  three subtheories: Contextual subtheory: The contextual subtheory says that intelligence is intertwined with the individual’s environment. Thus, intelligence is based on the way one functions in their everyday circumstances, including one’s ability to a) adapt to one’s environment, b) select the best environment for oneself, or c) shape the environment to better fit one’s needs and desires.Experiential subtheory: The experiential subtheory proposes that there is a continuum of experience from novel to automation to which intelligence can be applied. It’s at the extremes of this continuum that intelligence is best demonstrated. At the novel end of the spectrum, an individual is confronted with an unfamiliar task or situation and must come up with a way to deal with it. At the automation end of the spectrum, one has become familiar with a given task or situation and can now handle it with minimal thought.  Ã‚  Componential subtheory: The componential theory outlines t he various mechanisms that result in intelligence. According to Sternberg, this subtheory is comprised of three kinds of mental processes or components:Metacomponents enable us to monitor, control, and evaluate our mental processing, so that we can make decisions, solve problems, and create plans.Performance components are what enable us to take action on the plans and decisions arrived at by the metacomponents.Knowledge-acquisition components enable us to learn new information that will help us carry out our plans. Kinds of Intelligence Each subtheory reflects a particular kind of intelligence or ability: Practical intelligence:  Sternberg called one’s ability to successfully interact with the everyday world  practical intelligence. Practical intelligence is related to the contextual subtheory. Practically intelligent people are especially adept at behaving in successful ways  in their external environment.Creative intelligence:  The experiential subtheory is related to creative intelligence, which is one’s ability to use  existing knowledge to create new ways to handle new problems or cope in new situations.Analytical intelligence:  The componential subtheory is related to analytical intelligence, which is essentially academic  intelligence. Analytical intelligence is used to solve problems and is the kind of intelligence that is measured  by a standard IQ test Sternberg observed that all three kinds of intelligence are necessary for successful intelligence, which refers to  the ability to be successful in life based on one’s abilities, personal desires, and environment. Critiques There have been a number of critiques and challenges to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence over the years. For example,  educational psychologist  Linda  Gottfredson says  the theory  lacks a solid empirical basis, and observes that the data used to back up the theory is meager. In addition, some scholars argue that practical intelligence is redundant with the concept of job knowledge, a concept that is more robust and has been better researched. Finally, Sternberg’s own definitions and explanations of his terms and concepts have at times been imprecise. Sources Gottfredson, Linda S. â€Å"Dissecting practical intelligence theory: Its claims and evidence† Intelligence, vol. 31, no. 4, 2003, pp.343-397, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00085-5Meunier, John. â€Å"Practical Intelligence.† Human Intelligence, 2003. intelltheory.com/practicalintelligence.shtmlSchmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. â€Å"Tacit Knowledge, Practical Intelligence, General Mental Ability, and Job Knowledge† Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 1993, pp. 8-9,  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770456Sternberg, Robert J. Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, 1985.Sternberg, Robert J. â€Å"The Theory of Successful Intelligence† Review of General Psychology, vol. 3, no. 4, 1999, 292-316, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.3.4.292â€Å"Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.† Psychestudy, https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/intelligence/triarchic

League Of Denial Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

League Of Denial - Movie Review Example For instance, the NFL changed the kickoff laws in which the team starting the drive moved to the 35-yard line (Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru 27). This was in an effort to reduce tackles at the end zones before conversion of scores. The NFL should have been proactive in offering monetary and medical assistance to prior NFL players by requiring all teams to insure their members. Similarly, the NFL should facilitate medical and financial assistance to players who get injured during matches. This can be achieved by having stand-by ambulances to offer first-aid services when concussions occur (Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru 25). I do not believe that the NFL has lost popularity due to the acknowledgement of the head traumas because all sports personalities experience injuries. It is also a good gesture to inform the public and would-be players of the head injuries and to warn them of the same. As a result, the NFL did not lose popularity since other sports do not acknowledge the occurrence of injuries. However, the NFL will lose revenue due to this type of publicity because the sponsoring companies would not like to associate with risky sports. Similarly, the fan attendance of the games might drop for fear of witnessing players being stretched off the pitches because of head injuries. This shows that publicity should always convey positive information to the public and manage the negative issues (Fainaru-Wada and Fainaru