Grand Opening by Jon Hassler essays

Great Opening by Jon Hassler papers ...He didn't take to aggregate the merchandise of this world. He took out of need and he took out of liberality. He took so as to keep his body and soul together and he parted with the rest. (Page 289 hardcover) These articulations best depict Dodger Hicks, a character from Grand Opening which is a novel by Jon Hassler. Dodger was obviously a liberal young person; a very dedicated companion, yet in addition dreaded being dismissed by individuals. Dodgers dread of dismissal was obvious to the individuals who knew him. When Dodger inquired as to whether he could live with him as an option in contrast to being at the change school he was remaining at. Julie and Brendan traded a tormented look, and Dodger, seeing it, nimbly pulled back his recommendation by giggling like he hadnt would not joke about this. This was the Dodger of old, OK; whenever there's any hint of dismissal he chilled out with something of statement of regret in his way. Sorry for requiring you, he appeared to state. (Page 141 hardcover) Dodger attempted to fit in by stealing things to give as endowments since he had barely any cash. Dodger looked to be adored like he loved others, however was uncertain of what individuals thought of him. Dodger was genuinely liberal in any event, when it implied giving something he didn't have the cash for. While home from the change school during Christmas, he took a Zippo lighter, confection, and a windshield-wiper cutting edge. The Zippo was for his mother; the treat was for him to eat, yet the sharp edge was for nobody. He admitted to himself that he was disappointed that he took something he didnt need or need to provide for anybody, and that he took it since it was there. ...in any case, how might you oppose doing the one thing in life you were acceptable at? ... It was Dodgers strategy to take just due to legitimate need and never-or sometimes at irregular. (Page 151 hardcover) Dodger additionally got Brendan a present for Christmas: the tops he needed for his c ... <!

New York Association Of Adult Entertainment Establishments Essays

New York Association Of Adult Entertainment Establishments New York Association of Adult Entertainment Establishments (NYAEE) causes to act in a legitimate suit against the Department of City Planning. Foundation and Facts. In this contest, the Adult Establishment has been confined in the city of New York, Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, Bronx, and Staten Island: I. Grown-up foundations, new and old are banished from specific locale that are zoned for assembling and business use yet additionally grant private turn of events. II. Grown-up foundations must find 500 feet from schools, places of love, day care focuses. III. Close to one grown-up foundation in a zoning territory. IV. Grown-up foundation can have close to 10,000 square feet of floor territory and basement space. V. Grown-up foundations must accommodate or end inside a year. These guidelines are gone ahead by the New York Department of City Planning for the accompanying reasons: decline property estimations of encompassing business and occupants, increment in wrongdoing, significant loss of business on account of misfortune in speculations and decrease in financial and walker exercises. Issues. The debates in the question including the interests of the city versus the interests of the Adult Entertainment endeavors are three-crease. In the first place, during the time spent zoning property limits, the legislature must maintain a strategic distance from a managing factor that permits a business to have no other rivalry. A restraining infrastructure is an unlawful monetary element in our free-advertise framework. In the event that just a single grown-up foundation can be available in a zoning region, it is then a limitation of the serious market where there can not be a decision for the purchaser. This is the most vulnerable of the three contentions and it will simply be referenced yet not sought after. Second, it appears that the domain where the city characterizes the Adult Establishment as a business endeavor, it appears that a zoning law must be set as plugs or non-business. A re-zoning of a zone ought not separate by kind of business however just by the sort of territory the city cares to permit. As such, zoning is an arranging framework to help either mechanical, business, or local locations. In the event that a region is business, it should confine the zone to certain endeavor. On the off chance that a city concludes that an undertaking in causing a disturbance inside the zone it exists, at that point it ought not permit the item to be sold around there by any stretch of the imagination. The choice held in the National Paint and Coatings Association v. Chicago case is a model where the city gathering outlaws shower paint and enormous markers in the city of Chicago. The court found that there was no abuse and there is no essential option to sell paint along these lines the per mit to sell paint can be denied by the city. The selling of grown-up diversion can be denied totally in light of the fact that there is no fundament option to sell grown-up amusement in any case, there is a crucial option to claim property, get property, and utilize the property as indicated by the zone be it a business territory for big business purposes. The third issue is that in controlling a grown-up amusement, the city has taken the private property of the proprietors for an open decent. The administration has made the move to interfere with the responsibility for and has power that property to never again be useful to that proprietor. This establishes a takings by the legislature and the proprietors ought to be made up for its misfortunes. This is the most grounded contention for the activity in suit to determine the question for the benefit of the NYAEE. Holding. It is imperative to incorporate some significant case law that conjures the issue of a takings all together help the contention of a takings in this occurrence. In the Penn Central Transportation v. New York City 1978, the court's pondering found that the activity by the city didn't establish a takings. Equity Brennan found that the financial effect, the physical attack by the administration, the noteworthy effect of the property in the domain of opportunity and capacity, and the guideline was intended to advance the benefit of general society, were the situation to decide for the city, that these perspectives were address in the right way. Utilizing Brennan's scale in the Adult Entertainment debate, the administration is causing a negative monetary

Globalization and Perception on War

Globalization and International Organizations Assignment Submitted By A. S. M. Iqbal Bahar Rana. ID # 103-0007-085 MPPG Program, North South University Date: 14. 11. 2011 Do you think the approach of data transformation has changed the manner in which war is seen by the West? Assuming this is the case, what are the ramifications of such changes for ineffectively administered nations of the world? Presentation: The German scholar Hegel held that upheavals are the train of history. As indicated by his hypothesis, each social, political, and monetary framework develops strains and logical inconsistencies after some time. Inevitably these detonate in upset. One can't make an upset in the manner that a designer plans a structure. Nor is it conceivable to control unrests like a director drives a symphony. Transformations are excessively huge and complex for that. The individuals who live in progressive occasions can just settle on a thousand little choices and expectation that they push history ahead in the ideal bearing. Around the globe today we see the developing modernity and fast worldwide dissemination of ground-breaking new data innovations, the mergers of immense correspondence realms, key collusions across outskirts, and the multiplying of intensity and the dividing of the cost of figuring at regular intervals (Moore's Law). The Information Revolution, ethno-political clashes, globalization †every one of these three uber patterns is independently significant for all countries' future; together, they are reclassifying the worldwide setting inside which governments and residents must settle on day by day choices in the years to come. In this way, their crossing point ought to comprise a focal worry of researchers, strategy producers, and residents. In a time of globalization, national security has an alternate significance. Country expresses no longer have a syndication on the methods for intimidation. Regardless of whether atomic weapons had a hindrance esteem during the Cold War, today they have none as the reasons for frailty, as a rule, are monetary breakdown and internecine clash, and not outside hostility. The data age has altered the instrument of delicate force and the chances to apply them. The capacity of a country to extend the intrigue of its thoughts, belief system, culture, financial model, and social and political foundations and to exploit its worldwide business and broadcast communications systems will use delicate force. In basic terms, the data upheaval is expanding between connectedness and heightening the pace of progress in about each component of life. This, thus, shapes the development of equipped clash. Regardless of whether in financial matters, governmental issues, or war-battling, the individuals who can get a handle on the greatness of this will be the best arranged to manage it. The utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in fighting situations has been of focal enthusiasm to governments, knowledge organizations, PC researchers and security specialists for as far back as two decades (Arquilla and Ronfeldt 1997; Campen and Dearth 1998; Singer 2009). . ICTs offered ascend to the most recent unrest in military issues (RMA) by giving new devices and procedures of taking up arms †like system driven fighting (NCW), and incorporated order, control, interchanges, PCs, insight, observation, and surveillance (C4ISR). This RMA worries in the reason of military powers, as they need to manage â€Å"the fifth component of fighting, data, notwithstanding land, ocean, air and space†. Old style Perception of War: Clausewitz is under noteworthy test. It is plainly perfectly healthy in the military universities of Western states yet outside these halls different ways of thinking are in the command. A discussion keeps on seething over the degree to which Clausewitzean believing is as yet pertinent to today’s wars. From today’s vantage point, a few advancements have dissolved the intrigue and intensity of the political way of thinking of war. Initially, the idea of the war zone, so integral to the manner by which Clausewitz got fighting, has broken up. The 9/11 assaults, for example, showed that today’s battlegrounds may be Western (or other) urban areas while the US-drove ‘War on Terror’ †presently rebranded as the ‘long war’ †imagines the war zone as truly spreading over the whole globe. Later on, in any case, fights are probably not going to be restricted to planet Earth as the US specifically will be compelled to mobilize space with an end goal to secure the satellites whereupon its correspondence and data frameworks depend (Hirst 2002). Second, as the talks of both Osama container Laden and US President George W. Bramble clarify, the authority units on the two sides of the ‘War on Terror’ have regularly dismissed political accounts of fighting. Rather, they have embraced eschatological methods of reasoning in their particular energizing weeps for a worldwide jihad and a simply war against scalawags where belief system assumed a noteworthy job in taking up arms. A third issue for supporters of the political way of thinking and one which Clausewitz clearly never experienced is war including data innovation. Data innovation brings the Finally, when stood up to by ‘revolutionary’ wars which shout out for counterrevolutionary reactions, Clausewitz’s order to devastate the military powers of the foe is dangerous not on the grounds that such ‘military forces’ are frequently undefined from the neighborhood masses yet in addition since one can never be certain they have been killed ‘unless one is prepared to annihilate an enormous bit of the population’ (Rapoport 1968: 53; see additionally Chapter 26, this volume). As we have seen, any reasonable person would agree, notwithstanding, that the political way of thinking has been the most unmistakable in the customarily Anglo-American-ruled field of security contemplates (on the ethnocentric propensities of security examines see Booth 1979, Barkawi and Laffey 2006). Everything that could possibly be said all in all terms is that whatever way to deal with understanding fighting one decides to receive will have results, driving the examination in specific ways and spurning others. Inside International Relations and security contemplates fighting has ordinarily been characterized in manners that feature its social, legitimate and political measurements. Data Revolution and data Warfare: ICTs are utilized in a few battle exercises, from digital assaults to the arrangement of automated weapons and the administration of interchanges among the battling units. Such a wide range of employments makes it hard to recognize the idiosyncrasies of this wonder. Help in regard to this will originate from considering in more detail the various employments of ICTs in fighting. An assault on the data framework called smurf assault is a usage of disseminated refusal of administration (DDoS) assaults. A DDoS is a digital assault whose point is to disturb the usefulness of a PC, a system or a site. This type of assault was conveyed in 2007 against institutional Estonian sites, and all the more as of late comparable assaults have been propelled to hinder the Internet correspondence in Burma during the 2010 races. The utilization of mechanical weapons in the war zone is another approach to utilize ICTs in fighting. It is a developing marvel, coming to far reaching open notification with US armed force, which sent 150 mechanical weapons in Iraq’s war in 2004, finishing in 12,000 robots by 2008. These days, a few militaries around the globe are creating and utilizing tele-worked automated weapons, they have been sent in Iraq and Afghanistan, and progressively advanced machines are being utilized at the fringes among Israel and Palestine in the supposed ‘automatic kill zone’. These robots are trusted to identify the nearness of potential adversaries and to intercede the activity of the human officers and thus to fire on potential enemy’s targets when these are inside the range watched by the robots. A few armed forces additionally contributed their assets to convey unmanned vehicles, similar to the MQ-1 predators, which have then been utilized to hit ground targets, and to create unmanned battle air vehicles, which are intended to convey weapons and can possibly act self-governingly, similar to the EADS Barracuda, and the Northrop Grumman X-47B. Probably the most recent sort of mechanical weapon †SGR-A1 †has been conveyed by South Korea to watch the outskirt with North Korea. This robot has low-light camera and example acknowledgment programming to recognize people from creatures or different articles. It likewise has a shading camera, which can find an objective up to 500 meters, and if vital, can shoot its inherent automatic rifle. As of recently, automated weapons were tele-worked by militaries sitting miles from the battle zone. Human were kept on the up and up and were the ones who concluded whether to shoot the objective and to move the robot on the front line. The instance of SGR-A1 establishes a serious curiosity, as it has a programmed mode, wherein it can start shooting at the given objective without trusting that the human fighter will approve the activity. At long last, the administration of correspondence among the units of a military has been changed drastically by the utilization of ICTs. Correspondence is a significant part of fighting. It concerns the examination of the enemy’s assets and system and the meaning of an army’s own strategies on the war zone. NCW and C4ISR speak to a significant upheaval in this regard. A case of such upheaval is the utilization of iPhone and Android gadgets. Today, the US armed force is trying the utilization of these gadgets to get to insight information, show recordings made by rambles flying over the war zones, continually update maps and data on strategies and procedure, and, as a rule, accumulate all the fundamental data to overpower the adversary. Changing Nature of Conflict: States have been versatile notwithstanding innovative change, and regardless of the undeniably quick dispersion of data,

Teen Credit Cards free essay sample

Don’t you think life would’ve been simpler on the off chance that you had a Visa when you were more youthful? A great many people wouldn’t think, yet you more than likely would have had a superior future. Given a charge card and legitimate guidance, school destined youngsters would more than likely expertise to more readily get ready for obligation. It’s likely that finding out about Mastercards at a previous age, possibly 14 or 15, would help over the long haul. You don’t even truly need to have one, simply find out about the dangers and advantages. Possibly you’re down in your karma, stuck on the unending rollercoaster of charge card obligation. Be that as it may, perhaps this wasn’t consistently inescapable. It’s likely that if your folks permitted you and showed you how to claim a Visa when you were more youthful, you would realize the proper behavior in an obligation circumstance. Numerous guardians should, â€Å"Consider beginning your adolescent off with a charge card attached to your record. Not exclusively will your teenager acquire your great FICO assessment, yet it will likewise permit you to perceive the amount they are spending. Consider having your teenager just utilize the Visa for crises to begin with, and afterward support possibly charging what can be covered off when the bill shows up. This ideally will check your youngster from exploiting the Visa, as it is anything but difficult to let charging escape control†(Tips for your). Be that as it may, you likely won’t really have to possess a charge card in the event that you don’t accept you’re prepared. Perhaps all you need is a comprehension. † What’s interesting is that it would be extraordinary if, when you get to school, you very knew quite a bit about what Mastercards are, the way they truly work, what they need you to do, what they don’t need you to do, and the honest job that they play in your future funds. It’s one thing to build up a FICO Score, which everyone needs. It’s something else, notwithstanding, to rise up out of school with an awful FICO Score, which most understudies do today. Since understudies don’t nderstand that when they get one of these charge cards, in the event that they go over their credit limit, on the off chance that they are not on-time in covering their Visa tabs, that in truth that’s answered to the credit bureau†¦One of the least demanding approaches to set up credit, in all honesty, is the point at which you are more youthful, when you are 12, 13, 14, if your folks have great FICO scores, if yo ur folks are dependable, if your folks just included you †around then †to the entirety of their cards as an approved client, they don’t need to give you a card, they don’t need to tell you that they did that, at that point their FICO scores would turn into your FICO scores. You would build up credit dependent on their history† (Orman). So guardians, that implies at early ages, a youngsters charge card is somewhat your obligation, and the adolescent needs to take in everything from you. Having a Visa isn’t pretty much cash and learning cash the board, despite the fact that that’s what it appears as. It’s additionally about encouraging life exercises like duty. â€Å"Many guardians decide to give their young person a Mastercard on the grounds that it expands their awareness of other's expectations and in light of the fact that it assists with instructing them about taking care of cash. Giving charge cards for adolescents is a sheltered and advantageous path for children to find out about Mastercards, planning, and general funds. Learning legitimate cash the board is a major favorable position for an adolescent and will be valuable in the future† (Garrett). Not exclusively does having a charge card give an awareness of other's expectations, yet in addition a limited quantity of obligation can have positive impacts in a teen’s confidence and self-see. Scientists have had two contending perspectives on how obligation may influence people’s self-idea, Dwyer said. Some have said obligation should have beneficial outcomes since it assists individuals with putting resources into their future† (Grabmeier). So even with obligation, possessing a Visa is a compensating experience. Despite the fact that giving more youthful teenagers a charge card to help them would be a good thought on paper, some of the time it tends to be dangerous in light of the fact that adolescents most likely won’t know it all, and might wind up in a difficult situation. State, for example, there is a teenager that accepts they ought to get anything they desire, regardless of what it costs, similar to a $300 shirt, â€Å"That kind of conduct goes into school, where she’s now given a charge card, and she currently begins to dissident and she purchases everything and anything she needs on that Visa since she needs to resemble different children, she needs to feel like different children. The reality of the situation is you need to think past that†¦ think past this one sweater or this one, cool arrangement on eBay, or on Amazon, and that you’re setting aside cash. It’s not. Is it accurate to say that you are setting aside cash? † It’s, â€Å"Is this a need? Or on the other hand is this a need? † Because when you graduate school, when you are all alone, as life goes further on, you might be the one answerable for the understudy credit obligation that you’ve made (Orman). Not exclusively is recklessnes s at times a major issue with credit, however there are likewise numerous different perils, for example, wholesale fraud. â€Å"Young individuals, 18-29 years old, are the main objective for character cheats, as per Quest, a correspondences organization that is attempting to bring issues to light of the issue (Schonberger). Wholesale fraud can occur whenever, and wherever, and a few youngsters probably won't realize how to deal with it in the event that it ever occurs. In any case, if a high schooler is shown right on time by their folks that everything that they do will affect their future, and that the Visa isn’t only a bit of plastic that hands out free cash without any hidden obligations, at that point adolescents would have an a lot littler possibility of constraining themselves into obligation and might be progressively careful of their Visa security. The key†¦ is the inclusion of guardians in showing kids how to utilize both credit and charge cardsâ€and in checking their childrens utilization of plastic. You dont give a kid an instrument and state, ‘Plunk around on this for some time a check whether you can figure out how to play,’ she said. ‘The demonstration of giving children a Visa or a platinum card isnt going to give them great cash the board propensities. There must instruct and practicing’† (Levine). Guardians consistently assume a significant job in their teen’s training; why stop with school, when you can show something helpful. More youthful individuals ought to get Visas or possibly a training in them, since it would apply vital life exercises and set them up for their future. Sending a high schooler carelessly into existence without assistance or direction presumably isn’t the best thought. On the off chance that you don’t think your high schooler is prepared for a charge card, avoid any and all risks and set them up with a made sure about Mastercard. Made sure about Visas, where you or your kids (or both) store a specific sum into a record, and your kids can figure out how to oversee cash the manner in which most grown-ups do.

Marketng Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketng - Research Paper Example This paper will examine both the Coca Cola’s customary advertising blend and the web promoting blend in as to its business activities in the UK showcase. While breaking down the organization structure, plainly the intensity of Coke items raised the organization to the highest point of the world’s soda pop industry. The organization has been presenting convenient changes in bundling. Notwithstanding, the organization gives extraordinary accentuation on client interests while presenting any change. For example, Coca Cola presented another formula for Coke in 1985 and it was dismissed in the market. Along these lines, the organization returned to the ‘classic’ Coke so as to more readily serve the client needs (â€Å"Coke Lore..†). At present, the organization creates and showcases more than 2800 drink items including Sprite, Fruitopia, and Fanta. The bundling size reaches from 300 mL to 2 liters. Reviews show that the Coke is one of the notable exchange mark the word. The company’s well brand picture increases the value of its market notoriety. Coca Cola follows an opposition based valuing technique to keep up its piece of the overall industry since countless firms are working under soda pop industry. Henceforth, the cost of Coca Cola marks prominently shifts with time. Notwithstanding, it is recognized that the organization costs are promptly acknowledged in the market because of its expanded pace of interest. What's more, the organization carries changes to its value structure as per occasional interest vacillations. To delineate, Coca Cola the executives sets more significant expenses for its beverage items throughout the late spring season and brings down the costs in the start of the winter season. Coca Cola is one of the main worldwide brands and henceforth it is effectively accessible over the globe. By and by, Coca Cola items are disseminated to in excess of 200 nations under almost 450 brands (â€Å"The chronicle..†). The organization explicitly centers around requirements and inclinations of every district or nation

624 Hours Columbia, MO

624 Hours Columbia, MO The last time I wrote a post as I was flying at some undetermined altitude over some undetermined state in the Midwest. I’m now writing, I can say with complete accuracy, that I am flying over Elmira, NY at 24,998 feet*. I hate you, technology. But sometimes you are a cool cat. I spent the last 26 days in my hometown â€" Columbia, MO. Located in the heart of the Show-Me State, Columbia is a lively college town, except for the parts like this: (I call this one, What The Two Hour Drive To The Airport Looks LikeThe Entire Time) Teeming with basketball fans, college kiddos, and old folks who really like our retirement communitiesah, screw it. I cannot keep up with the Nicholas Kristof/Frank Bruni writing. Here’s what’s been going on in my life: I had a conversation with a friend that went a little something like this: Me: “Man, I really love wrapping Christmas presents and loading the dishwasher. If only I could make a living out of doing these things.” Maita: “Like being a housewife?” Me: * And then I went back to reading my Martha Stewart Living magazine. [*Just got to say that I have a poop-ton of respect for housewives everywhere. It is EXHAUSTING. I love you, Mom!] So anyway, after that moment of brief defiance against social constructions, I decided to embrace my newfound sense of domesticness and set out to make a bunch of stuff. Because if I was going to do the housewife thing over break, I was going to do it like a good MIT student: I made some peach pie and I made chicken pot pie from scratch (do not laugh at my n00b crust-decorating skills, it was my first one): But then I decided that it wasn’t masochistic enough to use pre-made dough so I made cinnamon rolls from scratch. I should also mention that I love cooking but hate baking, so I did this entirely out of the desire to hardcore om nom nom on these suckers to prove my domestic prowess. We had ridiculously hot weather while I was here (it was 67 degrees when I left home today), but last Thursday we had a freak snow storm (and by “freak snow storm” I really mean “it’s been 60 degrees all winter so when we had a couple inches of snow my town forgot how to handle it”) and my little broskie got a snow day. Naturally, chocolate chip banana pancakes and pizza you-guessed-it from scratch was in order: Then on Sunday, my mom and I came together to create one uber Housewifeformerâ„¢ and churned out three outfits for our new dog, Scooter (who deserves his own blog post and will be getting one soon). They were fashioned out of Ryan’s old sweatpants and sweatshirts and some scrap fabric. All together now â€" WE SO RIDIKALUS. And last, but not least, I made a video. Now is this one over-achieving blog post or whaht?! (Not quite back in Boston yet, but we are almost over Albany, which is close enough.) *I’m totally not anymore. Sitting in Simmons. Peace out home fries!

Foreign direct investment and production - Free Essay Example

Foreign Direct Investment There are several theories that seek to explain why FDI takes place. These theories try to explain why firms go to the trouble of acquiring or establishing operations aboard. Such theories include Dunning Eclectic Paradigm, Vernon Life Cycle and Knickerbocker Model to name a few. Your report should illustrate use of such theories to evaluate the rationale for foreign direct investment for a leading player in your chosen industry. Foreign direct investment is also known as internationalization, and is where a company establishes a presence abroad and invests in land, labour, capital, technology, equipment, and such as. Foreign direct investment then enables a company to become a multinational enterprise. For example; Adidas, Siemens, Nokia, Shell. In a perfectly competitive economy, there would be no foreign direct investment. It is also important to take in to consideration how a foreign company can participate in a market that it is unfamiliar with, and it will already be at a disadvantage to local businesses. Stephen Hymer said: for firms to own and control foreign value-adding activities they must possess some kind of innovatory, cost, financial or marketing advantages specific to their ownership which is sufficient to outweigh the disadvantages they face in competing with indigenous firms in the country of production There are many advantages of foreign direct investment. These include the opportunity for cheaper labour, or cheaper production facilities; new markets and therefore a new target market; access to new technology. It also gives smaller companies an easier route in to the international market. In recent years it has become much easier to run companies abroad due to lower international communication costs, the internet, and the ever growing low cost airlines. A large percentage of foreign direct investment is due to mergers and acquisitions, and can often be in the form of machinery, buildings, and equipment. In general, larger companies play a major role in investing in small companies. However, this does not usually entail the larger company buying out the smaller company as there is too big of a risk of failing. The risk of a manufacturer making an investment is the possibility of selling only a small number of the product. Because foreign direct investment has become so popular and so successful, it can sometimes be hard to identify the nationality of a product. A survey was taken on car in the United States, and it emerged that only 37% of the parts of US cars were actually American. The Dunning Eclectic Partigan basically says that if a company wants to enter a foreign market from a local base, then it must have firm specific advantages or be able to acquire these at a very low cost. This includes human capital, patents, new technology etc. Despite this, it must be more beneficial for a company to use these than it would be for them to sell them to a different company or even to license them. Samsung electronics is the largest manufacturer in Korea. Korea is an ideal country for foreign direct investment and for a manufacturing plant because the country is poor in raw materials but rich in highly skilled people. Samsung joined the electronics industry as it had the capacity for high income elasticity, it would produce lots of jobs, and there was the opportunity for a very high return. The Samsung group counts for 20% of South Koreas exports. It was only in the 90s, almost 50 years into business, that Samsung became an international enterprise and not only secured a number of businesses abroad but also became the market leader for some electronic components. AT the end of the 1980s Samsung were merely copying other American and Japanese brands, especially where mobile phones were concerned. Today, almost all of the products that Samsung make are their own. Now, not only are Samsung the market leader for mobile phones, but also for flat screen televisions and computers, and memory chips. In 1982, Samsung joined the United States and Japan in making memory chips, and by 1992, merely ten years later, Samsung was not only the number one producer, but also the second largest supplier in the world. In 1989, Samsung entered the LCD market. Until this time Japanese producers dominated 90% of the world market, but by 1996 Samsung had once again become the market leader, and this was to be the case until 2002. Samsung say that their success was due to three points; research and development, organization, and production. Research and development: Samsung have always kept a very close eye on their competitors, and have always kept a close working relationship between their producers and their technological developers. If an idea comes to a dead end, then the idea is kept for future reference and is therefore already ready to be incorporated in to new products. Organization: Samsung say that they try to keep to their deadlines and allow their staff, that is, their producers and developers, to move from group to group. Enabling this interaction means that there is in general a better understanding of the product and opens up opportunities for further product developments and improvements. Production The research and development and the organization lead to quick but good quality production. Samsung require new and complicated production lines on a regular basis and organization and research and development are key. Raymond Vernon said that there are four stages; introduction, growth, maturity and decline. And where the product is produced depends on the stage that it is at. If the product is in its introduction stage then it will be produced locally and then in time exported to countries with similar needs, similar expectations, and similar incomes. In the growth stage, the company will usually move to a foreign country (foreign direct investment perhaps), due to lower production costs, cheaper labour. It is also in the growth stage that other producers will begin to make similar products and these will be sold in the local market to create both growth of the product and demand. Samsung began in 1938 in Daegu with a mere 40 employees. During the growth stage, Samsung did not have to move to a foreign country. As I mentioned before, South Korea was, and is, the perfect country to produce electrical products in. In the 1980s Samsung became Samsung Electronics Co, and by 1990 Samsung had business in Malaysia, Taiwan and United Arab Emirates. The third stage is the maturity stage. This is when the company who can produce the goods for the lowest cost, wins, effectively. Stage for is the decline. This is when a product is no longer needed, or has been replaced, or the only places that demand the product are less economically developed countries. The President of Samsung Electronics Co said we move on, if other companies catch up. In 2004 Samsung joined forces with Sony for the production of liquid crystal for flat screen televisions. There are many advantages to this; increase in world market share, reduce costs due to an increase in production and sales, and reduced risk. Samsung say that their success is due to the fact that they develop products for niche markets with fatter margins. They have a simple approach to business organization, research and development, and keeping production costs low.